Religious Dissent, Discord, Settlement and Religious Essay

This area of the paper presents the theme and the theory. On the side of the arrangement of the theory, the presentation talks about a short history of the Tudor rule, and how earlier governments include made strict divisions inside the English society. The presentation specifies the primary concerns encompassing the subjects of strict difference, strife, settlement and strict climate that occurred previously and during the rule of Elizabeth I. The presentation additionally builds up the contention with respect to whether Elizabeth I’s answer for the strict clash, the formation of an assembled church, was a significant and attainable move considering the legislative issues encompassing her rule and the squeezing impact of Rome on the strict undertakings of numerous nations, especially in Europe. In spite of the fact that this would in the end lead to the development of the Church of England and the English Reformation, it is critical to inspect the chronicled effect of Elizabeth I’s choice as far as actualizing a characterized and joined English church. II. The Religious Atmosphere Prior to Elizabeth II Overview Elizabeth I’s sway on the strict life in England can be ascribed to the issues which she acquired; this segment examines these variables, quickly addressing the strict air during the rules of Henry VIII, Edward VII and Mary I. As religion assumed a significant job in England around then, particularly with the impact of the Roman Catholics relating to England’s outside relations with Rome and different pieces of Europe, the strict environment before Elizabeth I’s rule can be seen to speak to profound divisions as certain gatherings needed to have an alternate understanding and practice of the holy Christian writings and customs, though some needed to follow the Roman Catholic way. In spite of the fact that this may appear to be a little issue, religion’s job in the social orders of those occasions was basic. Around then, the Church affected the State, and this was something maintained by past rulers before Elizabeth I took the seat. Certain wars sprung out in light of strict clash, and it turned into a squeezing issue particularly as before Elizabeth I needed to address the re-establishment of Catholicism in England under Mary I’s period. II. a Religious Atmosphere Under Henry VIII II. b Religious Atmosphere Under Mary I III. Elizabethan Reign: Dissent, Discord and Religious Settlement and Atmosphere Overview This area gives an increasingly point by point chronicled approach in Elizabeth I’s strict settlement. This takes from Elizabeth I’s choice to restore the Church of England and break attaches with Rome. This segment likewise addresses the various demonstrations or laws actualized around then which would fill in as steps in the execution of the Church of England and address strict divisions in the general public. This segment additionally gives a succinct however meaningful foundation on Elizabeth I’s establishment as Queen in supplement to her strict settlement. This is a significant part of the paper as Elizabeth I’s foundation gives the inspiration and the choice of the sovereign, particularly as far as her strict settlement. IV. Elizabethan England: Religion and Renaissance This area addresses the English society during the Elizabethan time. This gives a foundation of the strict climate in the nation and how, during Elizabeth I’s rule, the English society began to change. This additionally gives a foundation on how and why Elizabeth I’s period has been considered as the Golden Age of English history in which this time turned into a state of huge achievements of writing and workmanship, notwithstanding the commonness of the Protestant Reformation attitude of the individuals. Is fascinating that in spite of the fact that Elizabeth I would settle Protestantism in England, and she would be perceived for it, this didn't forestall the development of the English Renaissance where the Elizabethan culture would embrace an increasingly receptive outlook towards human expressions and technical disciplines. V. End This paper closes with an examination of Elizabeth I’s strict settlement and how this would fill in as a significant seed to the arrangement of the English society particularly in the strict and political setting. This area additionally sums up the parts of strict contradiction and friction, particularly concerning whether Elizabeth I effectively tended to the profound strict divisions in the English society; this is a significant purpose of conversation as her strict settlement was not simply planned to address strict clash inside the nation yet in addition as a methods for her to introduce her authenticity and rule a time of renaissance rather than strictness.

Banking Concept Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Banking Concept Essay, Research Paper # 8220 ; A Scholarship Boy # 8221 ; was another term I realized when I read # 8220 ; The Achievement of Desire # 8221 ; by Richard Rodriguez. I am as yet entranced by the push that was made in Richard Rodriguez to incite him to teach himself. I feel that his impulse with his guidance which prompts an imbalanced existence of exorbitantly much school work at the expense of family unit life makes an illusional felicity. This is seen when Rodriguez composes # 8220 ; An essential ground for my achievement in the schoolroom was that I couldn # 8217 ; t cover that tutoring was changing me and isolating me from the existence I delighted in before going an understudy. # 8221 ; This # 8220 ; lopsidedness # 8221 ; drives the male kid to go embarrassed and stray towards his family unit. When in school youthful children can much of the time be extremely waxy to what is instructed to them. When Rodriguez # 8217 ; s educators attempted to get the children to peruse, Rodriguez appeared to take it unnecessarily far. We will compose a custom article test on Banking Concept Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page His savvy properties of perusing from his educators in a matter of seconds became non just a serious procurement experience for him yet an impulse each piece great. This impulse was that of one toward his books. He treated with such consideration and pride in part since his educators advised him to. An imprint that read # 8220 ; OPEN THE DOORS OF YOUR MIND WITH BOOKS, # 8221 ; is by all accounts an extremely waxy imprint to youthful children. Another imprint composed # 8220 ; CONSIDER BOOKS YOUR BEST FRIEND. # 8221 ; As he continued perusing and obtaining help from his teachers he says # 8220 ; Didn # 8217 ; t I understand that perusing would open up totally different universes? # 8221 ; In the fourth rate his perusing was stretched out and he needed to gain his authorities on any book he could. # 8220 ; At the library I would truly tremble as I happened upon entire racks of books I hadn # 8217 ; t read. # 8221 ; This only shows how much love he had for his books and in no time this would hope to affect his family unit and cultural life each piece great. For youthful Richard to go effective he should give full taking care of his guidance and nil else. So as to make this he should isolate from everything. In the fourth section of his paper, Rodriquez concedes that he began to go aggravated with the way that his folks were non # 8220 ; taught # 8221 ; bounty to help him w ith his prep. â€Å"I was inquisitively bothered when I couldn't gain parental guide with a prep assignment.† This is by all accounts only the start of the seclusion from them. At the point when he expounds on himself â€Å"outgrowing† this sort of conduct he other than includes that he got contemplative and that â€Å"Ambition set me apart.† When his male parent discovered him perusing in the organizer without anyone else or when his kin saw him battling to pass on place the entirety of his numerous library books, or in any event, when he could non be discovered the family unit made a stifler about him and would express that he â€Å"must be covering under my bed with a book.† Between his folks lack of guidance and his family’s â€Å"humor† it doesn’t appear to be hard to comprehend why he needed to remove himself. As youthful Richard split away from his folks and focused on his tutoring, it appeared he non only needed the comprehension that his educators gave him however he other than needed to be them each piece great. As clarified before Rodriguez is humiliated with his folks insufficiency of guidance and even composes that he # 8220 ; licenses himself shame, # 8221 ; along these lines. Without the instructive guidance and control that his folks can non give the just where to search for this is his educators. He can non relate or rely upon his family unit individuals and henceforth can non do a # 8220 ; duty # 8221 ; with them. This kind of responsibility is # 8220 ; The kind of duty the juvenile understudy may hold given his female parent and male parent simply yearss previously, he moves to the teacher, the new figure of power. # 8221 ; As this bond develops between them Rodriguez even needs to resemble the individuals who trained him best. He concedes # 8220 ; I came to worship my languag e structure school teachers. I started by replicating their discourse designs, using their articulation, swearing all their headings. # 8221 ; This needing to go like his educators is by all accounts the result simply establishing from his folks insufficiency of guidance. Richard Rodriguez was a youthful waxy Mexican male youngster who # 8217 ; s humiliation from his folks lack of guidance drove him off from them and towards his guidance. His illusional felicity was depicted just when he was perusing or at school. This imbalanced life drives him into a

The Common Types Of Plagiarism

Plagiarism is generally defined as taking someone elses work and passing it off as ones own. Plagiarism does not just happen with written works; rather, other types of works such as films, music, and even ideas can be plagiarized. But in the academic setting, plagiarism is submitting written work and making it seem that it is ones original work. Plagiarism comes in many forms, and knowing what these types of plagiarism are can help you avoid committing it in the first place.What are the three types of plagiarism?One of the common problems college students face is depression rooting from stress due to academic problems, and rejected papers are one of many factors why it happens. If you are to avoid such circumstances, it is imperative that you are aware of the different types of plagiarism so your academic writing can go as smoothly as possible. Here are the different types of plagiarism:Direct plagiarismDirect plagiarism is one of the most common types of plagiarism. It involves dire ctly copying another persons work without changing anything. This copied work, in turn, is presented as ones own without acknowledging the author/source or enclosing it in quotation marks. An example of direct plagiarism is copying sentences or paragraphs from your sources and pasting it on your paper without properly citing quotations from sources. Another example is downloading a paper from the internet and submitting it as your homework.Paraphrasing without creditingAnother type of plagiarism is paraphrasing someone elses work without giving credit to the source. The difference between quoting and paraphrasing is that paraphrasing involves taking anothers work and writing it in your own words without acknowledging where the ideas come from. An example of paraphrasing without crediting is rewriting your classmates entire paper so that it appears different but the content is the same.Mosaic plagiarismWhat is mosaic plagiarism? Mosaic plagiarism is related to paraphrasing without cr editing. The difference is that in mosaic plagiarism the paraphrasing is only partial. Mosaic plagiarism usually involves partial revision such as replacing certain words with synonyms, adding or deleting a few words here and there, and taking short phrases from the source and lumping them together. The result is that the paper still has the same ideas and structure as the source without giving credit. This type of plagiarism is also known as patchwriting since the work eventually becomes a patchwork of original and plagiarized material.Self-plagiarismSelf-plagiarism is another type of plagiarism, and this generally refers to submitting work youve submitted before in the past. For instance, submitting a paper on global warming that you wrote the previous year for a course in environmental science and then submitting that paper again this year for a course in climatology can be considered as self-plagiarism. Simply combining previous works to create a new one can also be considered a s self-plagiarism.Accidental plagiarismSometimes, plagiarism can be committed even if it is not intended. Such is the case with accidental plagiarism, which usually happens when you forget to cite your sources. During a writing frenzy, you may opt to write everything down and just put citations later. But this can result in accidental plagiarism if ideas that you borrowed from your sources are not attributed to their sources.MisattributionMisattribution is a type of plagiarism which involves the attribution of a piece of information to the wrong source. For example, your paper presents statistical data regarding the topic and indicates that the information comes from a journal article by Author X, despite the fact that the information actually comes from an article by Author Y. This can be considered as plagiarism because the source is incorrect and the correct source is not given due credit. Writing essays, research papers, reaction papers, and dissertations among other academic re quirements is such a tough challenge that many students are often tempted to take shortcuts. However, as difficult as the process may be, plagiarism should be avoided at all cost, and it begins with knowing what plagiarism is and what the different types of plagiarism are. If you find writing without committing plagiarism difficult, there are other ways to complete your academic papers, one of which is hiring an academic ghostwriter.Essay writing company that is plagiarism-freeIntegrity is the one element that is considered sacred in the academe. Academic papers ought to be as pristine and as impeccable as possible, for they convey valuable information in their respective fields. We at are ever-cognizant of this, because stressed students like you deserve only the best, in consideration of your hard work and perseverance in the face of mountains of academic workload. This is why our academic ghostwriting services offer only custom written papers, for the purposes of academic integr ity. Our essay writing service has been helping students overcome pressure and stress since 2006, thereby helping them lead more balanced and fruitful college lives, because lets face it, college does not revolve around writing alone. Abandon all worry and anxiety, our services are here to assist you.

Night And To Kill A Mockingbird - 1948 Words

Famous political philosopher William Godwin once stated, â€Å"No man knows the value of innocence and integrity but he who has lost them† (qtd. in â€Å"William Godwin Quotes†). Both To Kill a Mockingbird and Night involve the main characters losing their innocence after being exposed to prejudice and racism, major themes in both books. Elie Wiesel published Night, twelve years after the Holocaust, in 1960. This book, a memoir of the Holocaust, was written from the author’s point of view after their experiences in the horrific time. In Night, Elie, a young boy, loses his innocence after staying in several concentration camps, and being exposed to murder, prejudice, and sadism. Throughout the book, Elie experiences traumatic events, such as†¦show more content†¦Scout and Elie both witness prejudice in each of the books. After the case is heard, Judge Taylor tallies the jury’s votes: I shut my eyes. Judge Taylor was polling the jury: â€Å"Guilty†¦ guilty†¦ guilty†¦ guilty†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I peeked at Jem: his hands were white from gripping the balcony rail, and his shoulders jerked as if each â€Å"guilty† was a separate stab between them. Judge Taylor was saying something. His gavel was in his fist, but he wasn’t using it. Dimly, I saw Atticus pushing papers from the table into his briefcase. He snapped it shut, went to the court reporter and said something, nodded to Mr. Gilmer, and then went to Tom Robinson and whispered something to him. Atticus put his hand on Tom’s shoulder as he whispered. Atticus took his coat off the back of his chair and pulled it over his shoulder. Then he left the courtroom, but not by his usual exit. He must have wanted to go home the short way, because he walked quickly down the middle aisle toward the south exit. I followed the top of his head as he made his way to the door. He did not look up. (L ee 282; pt 2, ch 21) The jury all knew exactly what they were doing when they declared Tom guilty. Everybody in the jury could tell he did no wrong, but said he was guilty because they refused to side with a black man. Scout sees obvious discrimination against Tom Robinson, because at the time segregation was common, and Maycomb was not a quite progressive county, being in the south. After the Hungarian police went to theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Night, And Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee And Night By Elie Wiesel1392 Words   |  6 Pages Compare and Contrast: Night and To Kill a Mockingbird There have been many novels over the years that have sparked conversations about human rights. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee and Night by Elie Wiesel are two novels that have done just that. Night depicts a firsthand account of the horrors the Jewish people faced during the Holocaust. A similar story is told in To Kill a Mockingbird with the plights of African Americans in the south. Although these novels take place over duringRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis788 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Remember, it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird,† (Lee 119). In To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee, this is the quote that Atticus, one of the main characters, says to his kids. Atticus is a lawyer who takes on a tough case in his town, Maycomb. His kids are Scout, and Jem. Throughout the book, they grow and mature. They don’t mess around with their neighbor, Boo, as much as they used to. But, luckily because of him, they live to see the next day. In To Kill a Mockingbird, it shows that because ofRead MoreAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In 1960, Harper Lee published her critically acclaimed book To Kill a Mockingbird. Only a year after being published the American classic novel was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in fiction as well as the Brotherhood Award of the National Conference of Christians and Jews. Gregory Peck stared as Atticus in the successfully adapted 1962 motion picture of To Kill a Mockingbird that won an Academy Award. This book is based on many childhood experiencesRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Theme Analysis1398 Words   |  6 Pagessomething close to us is the key to growing up, and Scout, the protagonist in To Kill A Mockingbird, is one of those characters. Scout and several other characters in the novel lose their innocence as they begin to see the prejudice and racism of the 1930’s South. All of these characters were innocent and unaware of what Maycomb was, and their innocence was taken away from them because of that. In To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee relates the theme of growing up and loss of innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird, By George W. Bush1376 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is still relevant today To Kill a Mockingbird is a common household name. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says To Kill a Mockingbird is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird helped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush couldn’t have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic,Read MoreLiterature Adds To Reality Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesauthor. This quote, to me, is the most appropriate description of the importance of literature in our lives. Literature reminds us of stories, epics, sacred scriptures and classical works of the ancient and modern times, in which the book To Kill a Mockingbird clearly does. Literature is defined as the body of written works of a language, period or culture, produced by scholars and researchers, specialized in a given field. Why is literature imp ortant? Well, let’s see as stated in the quotation byRead More Symbolism in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee Essay640 Words   |  3 Pagesin To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee The mockingbird is a major symbol in the book, To Kill A Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. Harper Lee chose the mockingbird for both the title of her book and as a symbol in her book. I believe she selected it because the mockingbird is a creature that is loved by all for its singing and mocking, for which it gets its name, and how it never intends to harm anything or anybody. Atticus Finch says to Jem, but remember it?s a sin to kill a mockingbird.? WhereuponRead More Examine the Themes of Innocence and Experience in To Kill a Mockingbird870 Words   |  4 Pagesof Innocence and Experience in To Kill a Mockingbird Innocence is a time when a person has never done something; it is the first step of the journey from innocence to experience. The second step in this movement is experience and this is what is achieved after a person has done something they have never done before or learns something they have never known before. This theme of growth from innocence to experience occurs many times in To Kill a Mockingbird and is one of the central themesRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Character Analysis1244 Words   |  5 PagesWas Atticus Finch was the true hero of To Kill A Mockingbird? Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird narrates the journey of Scout Finch from an immature, feisty, close minded young girl, to a strong, brave and courageous girl that now knows the truth about Boo Radley the towns ‘freak’. Boo Radley is middle aged man who is known as a creep but by the end of the novel they realise that he is a nice man. Scout is the daughter of Maycombs brave and courageous lawyer, Atticus Finch who defends Tom RobinsonRead MoreTo Kill A Mockingbird Critical Analysis1476 Words   |  6 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird is a popular literary title. It’s one of the most famous pieces of literature. George W. Bush says that the book is â€Å"a meditation on family, human complexity, and some of the great themes of American life. At a critical moment in our history, Mockingbird hel ped focus the nation on the turbulent struggle for equality.† (Wayne, pg. 1) President Bush could not have been more right, To Kill a Mockingbird is a timeless classic, with themes that are still relevant in today’s world

The Process And The Plan - 957 Words

After I went to talk to the advisor, I realized the process and the plan are very important to attend in college because the advisor wants us to plan out and decide which field you will go in the future. That makes us easily to follow what we need to attend in college. They don’t want us to waste time and get lost on the direction we want to go. Luckily, I always decide the path I will go when I go to college because I don’t want to have anything new make me nervous at the first time. I planed out my schedule and my career. I wrote down all of my classes I need and those classes I will attend in each quarter. With me, the plan is really effect to myself because I don’t want to miss out anything or worry about it. That’s why I always put myself in a good schedule that works for me. The challenge I always feel is nervous, anxiety, and stress because I am the person always think too much. This is a weakness point of myself. Every time I face with the challeng e, it makes me really hard to sleep and focus on think about it. However, I never hide to challenge I have because each challenges will bring a lesson for me to learn. It teaches me a lot of important things to help my life and I can keep that to use when it is necessary in my life. Otherwise, it is a resource to me and I can share to anyone who needs help or have the same struggle like me. I’m excited about my planning ahead to next year because I already know the details and the specific classes to choose that makes meShow MoreRelatedProcess Improvement Plan Paper966 Words   |  4 PagesProcess Improvement Plan University of Phoenix Dr. Anthony Matias March 24, 2011 Abstract The premise of this paper is to identify deficiencies in daily managerial processes by using systematic statistical process controls and make the necessary improvements. The paper will employ various examples and calculations along with supporting data to explain control limits and its importance to the statistical process control. The effects of seasonal factors and its relevance to a processRead MoreMy Plan For A Workout Process995 Words   |  4 Pageswork out. Intensity is described as how hard you exercise. It’s how much you push yourself. As we all know, time is the amount of time you spend exercising and how long you do so. With Type, it is what type of exercise you undertake in the workout process. I will be using all four of these in my two week program as I exercise. On day one of my exercise prescription I will start light with a steady paced jog. My frequency will just be one as I start this program gradually. My intensity will be betweenRead MoreProcess Improvement And Implementation Plan1508 Words   |  7 PagesProcess Improvement and Implementation Plan A process improvement and implementation plan (PIP) is designed to help companies analyze their present business processes by ascertaining probable complications within their selected procedures. This extensive process will also help the company to identify and improve their business standards, intentions, and give them the golden opportunity to correct potential difficulties within the chosen processes. The process improvement and implementation planRead MoreStrategic Planning Process And Plan1555 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Planning Process and Plan Harper College’s Information Technology (IT) Client Services department houses the Information Security group. This group does not gather most of its own data, so the leaders will need to gather metric information from other College areas. Harper College Mission and Vision The Harper College mission is â€Å"Harper College enriches its diverse communities by providing quality, affordable, and accessible education. Harper College, in collaboration with its partnersRead MoreThe Process Of Writing The Intervention Plan990 Words   |  4 Pages During the process of writing the Intervention Plan I met with the client on a number of occasions. During those times I observed the client participating in different activities to try and determine her level of cognitive and physical function. I also spent time talking with her about activities she enjoyed to include both current and past activities such as crafts, exercise and reading. Under the supervision of the recreational therapist the following are activities that I performed with the clientRead MoreThe Plan Stakeholder Management Process Essay2640 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction The Plan Stakeholder Management process builds strategies that focus the interests of stakeholders to align with the project goals through the entire life-cycle of the project. Based on the stakeholder register created by the stakeholder identification process, this provides an action plan for effectively communicating with the stakeholders. Management of communication via this method provides systematic and proactive channels of communication for those parties impacted, either positivelyRead MoreProcess Identification Plan for Toyota3887 Words   |  16 PagesThe Case for Change at Toyota Motor Corporation Process Identification and Improvement Plan ______________________________________________________________________________ Unit 1 Assignment 1 MBA 6022 Lynette D. Capella University Abstract This Process Identification and Improvement Plan will begin with a summary of the Toyota Motor Corporation and core commitment to safety, quality and volume. It will also refer to the case study review titled â€Å"Toyota: The Accelerator Crisis  (2010)Read MoreJob Plan For Job Process Essay906 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual’s needs and also benefits the company, this can have a substantial increase in productivity and revenue. Proactive employers use job crafting in the workplace as an on-going process and continually improving this process to adapt to changes. Employers can do this by assessing practices and involve employees in the process, examining and analyzing the tasks and whether they are being done efficiently, analyzing any problems, coordinating tasks according to each individual’s abilities, by taking smallRead MoreInitial Diagnosis And Treatment Plan Process802 Words   |  4 PagesInitial Diagnosis and Treatment Plan Process Listening to a client during an initial session and applying reflective listening techniques can put you in the mindfulness moment with the client. By being a mindful listener as a therapist, I believe it helps with being able to diagnose your client more accurate. It is important to have a system or flow of questions during your intake process, so it can provide the clinician with viable information regarding that client and their concerns, fromRead MoreBusiness Process Change Plan Evaluation1049 Words   |  5 PagesBUSINESS PROCESS CHANGE PLAN EVALUATION GB560 Designing, Improving and Implementing Processes Session # 1105D Unit 6 Assignment Alicia Fields Kaplan University August 30, 2011 The importance of understanding Business Process Change Business processes comprise a set of sequential sub-processes or tasks, with alternative paths depending on certain conditions as applicable, performed to achieve a given objective or produce given outputs. Each process has one or more needed inputs. The inputs

Clinical Leadership in Contemporary Nursing

Question: Discuss about the Clinical Leadership in Contemporary Nursing. Answer: Introduction: The paper deals with the role of leader in the work place change. A leader plays a vital role in successful change of the workplace and the organisation. Since leaders have direct authority with people a successful change depends on them. Leaders support people undergoing change to execute the workplace change in their span of influence (Grossman Valiga, 2016). This is same with the leaders in every organisation. For this paper, role of leader in workplace change is discussed in reference to nursing practice. The role of nurse leaders is equivalent to navigating a perfect storm. The nursing profession strives to build a workplace that demonstrates a culture of safety for care users and their family. Simultaneously, it handles different forms of crisis in the workplace. It also refers to handling workforce issues that involves nursing faculty and nurses. The issues culminates in a situation where the resources, people, the whole system and the organisation seems to have potential thr eat (Yen et al., 2016). The metaphor perfect storm is appropriate in nursing profession due to depth of challenges faced by the nurse leaders. Neither of the challenges is the quality of the nursing workplace. According to Jackson and Daly, (2010) workplace change is essential because a quality of the work environment is the key to achieve optimal workplace outcomes. This determines the retention of nurses. A healthy workplace in any organisation refers to one where the staff are experiencing the job satisfaction and are contributing towards the organisational goals. The staff in the healthy work environment achieves personal goals and experience fulfilment. However, in healthcare organisation, it was identified ages back that negotiating the workplace is traumatic and complicated experience. Therefore, the health care workforce in a current period can be called as chaotic situation. The status of the healthcare workforce currently indicates further deterioration if serious system reforms are not taken (Yen et al., 2016). The role of leader in the workplace change comes into play because of the rich literature indicating multifactorial nature of the difficulties faced by the nurses, which sometimes also include inter-professional conflict. The importance on retention of the nursing staff and influencing the job satisfaction, worker wellbeing and staff morale is associated with the workplace difficulties. The leader must play an important role in the workplace change because an unhealthy environment is not only affecting the nurses negatively but is also carrying serious financial implications for the health care organisation. This is also associated with the suboptimal patient outcomes (Huber, 2013). The importance of the role of leader in changing the workplace is the outcome of the question: How can a patient be given a therapeutic environment when the caring staff are simultaneously experiencing the workplace environment as noxious and harmful? When the literature is convincingly highlighting the adversities in nursing workplace, several researchers contemplate the role of leaders and leadership. Different researchers and theorists have constructed this concept in different ways. However, it is generally accepted that the influence of the leader is due to direct authority with people. It occurs as a result of the interconnectedness between people and also includes strong relational and interpersonal aspects (Anonson et al., 2014). As per Mannix et al. (2013) the panacea to the organisational difficulties and poor management which is endemic in many clinical environment is effective clinical leadership. The role of the leaders in changing the workplace is assisted and influenced by many resources. Based on literature review the elements that direct the leaders to promote healthy environment for nurse in the workplace includes setting standards such as authentic leadership, true collaboration, skilled communication, appropria te staffing, decision-making, and meaningful recognition. These elements determine the change in the workplace initiated by the leader (Yoon et al., 2016). The role of leader is to be passionate, dynamic, solution-focused and act as driving force of the organisation. Only leaders with these qualities are admired and regarded as source of inspiration by future nurse leaders (Mannix et al., 2013). Bamford et al. (2013) recognised that a leader must establish authentic leadership as primary standard to make positive changes in the workplace and foster a healthy work culture. An authentic leader recognises that the follower trust is crucial. Therefore, such leader also acknowledges that authentic leadership is gateway to positive emotions such as optimism and hope which play a vital role in accomplishing the desired leadership outcomes. Banks et al. (2016) describes that the authentic leader is one who have attained high level of authenticity and have realisation of personal beliefs and values. Authentic leader transparently interacts with others while acting upon those values and beliefs. The concept of authentic leadership is compatible with the transformational leadership according to Cheng et al. (2016). It is the personal beliefs and principles that shapes the actions and behaviours of authentic leaders. However, the unanswered question in this aspect is how can a leader in itiate a change in the complex environment of healthcare and lead authentically when the they are compelled to act against their personal beliefs and principles. This dilemma is due to healthcare environment that is highly regulated, and is rapidly changing. The study executed by Lin et al. (2015) suggested that for effective leadership outcomes a nurse leader must adopt transformational leadership. The results of the transactional leadership are short lived and such leader intervenes when something goes wrong in the organisation. On the other hand transformational leadership offers longevity in the relationship between the senior nurses and junior colleagues. This leadership has positive effect on the teambuilding and communication. Transformational leaders play a role in shaping goals and values of other staff to benefit the nursing profession and the organisation. As per Lin et al. (2015), transformational leaders are those who provide opportunities to career pathways by mentoring and clinical supervision and access to effective role models. The role of transformational leaders is to involve in intentional succession planning and create work environment that values clinical competence. Transformational leaders strive to promote work e nvironment that is the centre of excellence (Hutchinson Jackson, 2013). Jackson and Daly (2010) suggested that the high level and exceptional skills is required in healthcare leadership which is controlled by various external and internal factors of the organisation. Thus in order to meet the demands imposed by the organisational forces carrying risks is important although complicated. Mauno et al. (2016) argued that without resources and support from the organisation it is difficult for the leader to enact their role to initiate change in the turbulent environment of the healthcare. Otherwise, the leaders my feel that they are not supported by the higher authorities in the organization and the followers. To them it appears difficult to sustain essential changes in the workplace. When the stakes are high the leadership is a risky business according to Jackson and Daly, (2010). However, a successful leader is aware of this risky business and special skills required to manage the complexities and tensions in nuanced ways. Thus, they emerge successful even in politically charged environment. There is a rich body of literature available bragging about the difficulties faced by the leaders in large organisations and several suggestions on how to avoid failure in changing workplace to gain positive outcomes. Despite the suggestions, several leaders have failed to change the workplace and eliminate issues such as staff retention or burnout and low job satisfaction among nurses. Effective leaders play a role where they do not distance themselves or stand back from the quality of the work environment (Huber, 2013). Even in the presence of such effective leaders, harmful actions have occurred in several health care organisations. It may be due to ineffective management, turning blind eye to them or blissful ignorance of such adversities. As per the literature, interpersonal skills and relationship is central to nurse leaders. Inspite of which, unhealthy and abusive factors in the workplace remain unaddressed. Frameworks such as NAMC (Nursing and Midwifery Council) and NAMB in Australia and similar other framework proposed by the American Association of Critical Care Nurses (AACN) are existing to promote positive work environment (Jackson Daly, (2010). However, a large scale systemic change remains elusive. The role of leader is to create a hopeful work environment, as factors such as optimism, positive expectation, and hope are vital to healthy work setting (Mannix et al., 2013). In addition, effective leader require undaunted courage, personal insight, fortitude and strength, as they are responsible for driving necessary change. These skills are required to maintain standards and productivity of the organisation. These skills help to promote the wellbeing of the staff and care users. Jackson and Daly, (2010) suggest that the leaders in the healthcare environment in order to facilitate change must ask certain question while exploring and recognising the complexity. The questions include- Are we doing enough to prepare the next generation of professional and clinical leaders in nursing in contemporary healthcare systems? What are the barriers and facilitators to enacting effective leadership in the workplace? Are we producing graduates who are empowered to lead in the workplace? How do we facilitate change to help leaders become more progressive and effective? and so on. Several researchers have considered these issues. The recent commission of inquiry into acute care services in New South Wales recognised the essential role of preparing medical graduates for leadership roles. It have recognised the role of effective health sector leadership (Mauno et al., 2016). The role of leaders is to focus on improving the work environment. They must lay greater emphasis on enhancing the working conditions for nurses. The role of leaders is to collaborate with the staff and the managers to address the challenges in the workplace. For example if a workplace has a culture of bullying then the role of leaders is to mitigate such behaviour by developing appropriate interventions. This ensures that the nurses leaders are able to recognise the behaviours that led to bullying. This calls for their immediate response when observing such behaviour in the work place. As per the literature, bullying behaviours mostly emanate from the senior levels (Johnson Rea, 2009). The refore, in such situations the role of leaders is to reflect on their personal conduct. This may assist the leaders in the development of the personal insights, which will enhance the workplace as suggested by Anonson et al. (2014). It is also suggested in the plethora of literature that leaders must reflect on the quality of the workplace knowing the existing difficulties faced by the nurses. The leaders must consider innovative ways by which they can contribute to the creation to a toxic and detrimental working environment or a healthy, optimal one. Bamford et al. (2013) argued that it is the role of leader to set standards for the workplace behaviour. It is for the leaders to establish a civil workplace where each and every staff will be treated with respect, and dignity. It will be a place where the issues of the nurses and conflicts will be dealt in a healthy and open manner (Jackson Daly, 2010). Since these are global issues it is imperative for the leaders to think globally and act locally to evoke a strategic response suggested Twigg and McCullough (2014). Nurse leaders demonstrating resilience can handle stress due to changing workplace demand. They are capable of thinking strategically, reframe thinki ng as per situational demand, which enable them to set changes in the workplace that are achievable, and are imperative (Frankel PGCMS, 2017). Senior nurses according to Arnold and Boggs, (2015) find way of involving in decision-making in the organisation on issues that influence the heath care. These include workforce planning, developing policy, and clinical governance. Therefore, the senior nurses and leaders must develop a constructive process to design workplace that is underpinned by the good patient outcomes. The role of leader is to enhance workplace change through learning opportunities and using communication kills (Yen et al., 2016). This learning occurs when there is change in the skills, attitudes, behaviour and knowledge of each individual. The rationale behind this workplace learning is to develop staffs ability to adjust to the changes in the workplace and to the work demands. It means the role of leaders is to be emotionally tuned with the staff and nurture others (Twigg McCullough, 2014). However, workplace learning is not given much attention due to busy schedule of the caregivers and the chaotic circumstances they handle throughout the day. Hence, the role of leader is to influence positive learning in workplace by means of activities other than formal education. This in turn influences the work performance. The leaders can influence learning in the workplace by facilitating reflective practice as suggested by Yen et al. (2016). By presenting new information to the staff suc h as reinforcement of standards, new policies and procedures or by presenting audit data one can trigger change in care activities. This will lead to performance change. Leaders with the help of managers should support the new staff by giving supportive learning experiences. Yen et al., (2016) suggested that the leaders must develop a hospital-generated generic framework of skills and competencies that must be adopted by each nurse mangers to the requirement of the workplace. It will help set performance goals for each staff in relation to generic and unit specific skills. It will help in monitoring progress towards their accomplishments incrementally over time. Here the strategy is to create managerial obligation for nurse managers to create order and create accountability and predictability. The significance of this system is that it will lead to dynamic process of development by creating open communicating system between the staff and the nurse managers. It will also create open communication between the nurse managers and the nurse leader. Based on the performance feedback the nurse leaders can design and redesign the plans and priorities. Thus, the role of leaders is not only to acknowledge own learning needs but also to engage other persons and mod el their learning behaviours (Arnold Boggs, 2015). Learning culture help in orientation of the new staff as well as professional development of the managers at all levels. The role of leaders in changing the workplace must include innovation in the allocation and the structure of work. In addition, the leaders must ensure that the profession has existence of opportunities for building relationship with significant others. The staff must feel that the efforts will be justified which means the workplace should be changed in a way that will have a presence of expectance of performance. These concerns are central to what determines or ensures job satisfaction and staff retention (Mauno et al., 2016). According to Frankel PGCMS, (2017) considering improvement of skills, allocation of work and mentoring relationship will provide a strong base for team and individual learning. This is essential for creating a culture of safety in the health care workplace. This is also called as strategic leadership. By recognising, the unique set of needs of the nurses as everyone will not perform at the same level, a successful leader will support staff in a way in which t hey can be useful to the organisation. Hence, the role of leaders is to develop motivational strategies keeping in view that each nurse responds differently to the wok stress and pressure. It will foster the development of confidence among the demotivated staff. Helping the demotivated staff in developing a vision of future, directly effects the staff morale and motivation (Yen et al., 2016). In reference to mentoring it can be said that the leader plays a role of supporter, teacher, assessor, facilitator supervisor and role model (Hafteinsdottir et al., 2016). Creating confidence and providing supportive environment is central to face the workplace challenges. Since poor performance is not only observed by others and is also felt by the staff members themselves, there is a need of identifying underperformance and devising efficient interventions to ensure patient safety. In such situation, the nurse managers must uptake leadership role in helping the staff in identifying gaps in the professional knowledge in reference to policies and procedures of the hospital. The nurse managers must first show the nurses how to perform the task and provide support to complete their responsibilities. After every shift the senior nurses should invest 30 minutes in mentoring activity and create a log as evidence or documentation of activities taught or coached and future goals (Grossman Valiga, 2016). This is not a management tool but a mentorship tool. This refers to the role of a democratic leadership (McKeown Carey, 2015). Staff can only be motivated by the culture of continual learning through best practice methods and support. In this process, the leader provides the new staff with opportunities to take initiative. It will give them the confidence in problem solving or making decisions. The act of role modelling is the traditional expectation of the nurses when learning from the experienced person. Through role modelling the nurse leaders can transmit values, skills, behaviour and attributes to the junior staff. It is important for the new staff to develop professional identity, emotional intelligence and deeper understanding of managing stress. This refers to role of transformational leaders where the nurse leader serve as a model to provide professional socialisation to less experienced one (Hutchinson Jackson, 2013). In conclusion, employing diverse manag ement strategies will help in collective learning from the practice opportunities, which leads to nurse empowerment. Such empowered nurses will eagerly participate in evidence-based practice and deliver high quality care to the patients. The paper has discussed the role of nurse leader in changing the workplace to create a skilled and competent staff. Irrespective of the personal leadership style the nurses leader play a vital role in optimising the workplace environment and are challenged to do so. The workplace in health sector is complex. This is a place of healing and caring for the patients and their families. However, for the nurses and the physicians it is a workplace. In order to improve the workplace of the health sector into healthy work environment then the leader must implement a strategic change. Since these are global issues it is imperative for the leaders to think globally and act locally to evoke a strategic response. Conclusively, the nurse leader should recognise that their leadership has great impact on the staff. The nurse leaders must acknowledge their role and positively influence the workplace so that juniors are inspired to develop similar professional skills and maintain positive environment . References Anonson, J., Walker, M. E., Arries, E., Maposa, S., Telford, P., Berry, L. (2014). Qualities of exemplary nurse leaders: perspectives of frontline nurses.Journal of nursing management,22(1), 127-136. Arnold, E. C., Boggs, K. U. (2015).Interpersonal relationships: Professional communication skills for nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bamford, M., Wong, C. A., Laschinger, H. (2013). The influence of authentic leadership and areas of worklife on work engagement of registered nurses.Journal of nursing management,21(3), 529-540. Banks, G. C., McCauley, K. D., Gardner, W. L., Guler, C. E. (2016). A meta-analytic review of authentic and transformational leadership: A test for redundancy.The Leadership Quarterly,27(4), 634-652. Cheng, C., Cheng, C., Bartram, T., Bartram, T., Karimi, L., Karimi, L., ... Leggat, S. (2016). Transformational leadership and social identity as predictors of team climate, perceived quality of care, burnout and turnover intention among nurses.Personnel Review,45(6), 1200-1216. Frankel, A., PGCMS, R. (2017). What leadership styles should senior nurses develop?.benefits,10, 32. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. M. (2016).The new leadership challenge: Creating the future of nursing. FA Davis. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. M. (2016).The new leadership challenge: Creating the future of nursing. FA Davis. Hafteinsdottir, T. B., Hamers, J. P. H., Francke, A. L., Meijel, B. V., Roodbol, P., Schoonhoven, L., ... Schuurmans, M. J. (2016). Leadership Mentoring in Nursing Research: Creating the future cadre of nurse scientists in the Netherlands. Huber, D. (2013).Leadership and nursing care management. Elsevier Health Sciences. Hutchinson, M., Jackson, D. (2013). Transformational leadership in nursing: towards a more critical interpretation.Nursing inquiry,20(1), 11-22. Jackson, D., Daly, J. (2010). Editorial: Improving the workplace: The pivotal role of nurse leaders. Johnson, S. L., Rea, R. E. (2009). Workplace bullying: concerns for nurse leaders.Journal of Nursing Administration,39(2), 84-90. Lin, P. Y., MacLennan, S., Hunt, N., Cox, T. (2015). The influences of nursing transformational leadership style on the quality of nurses working lives in Taiwan: a cross-sectional quantitative study.BMC nursing,14(1), 33. Mannix, J., Wilkes, L., Daly, J. (2013). Attributes of clinical leadership in contemporary nursing: an integrative review.Contemporary nurse,45(1), 10-21. Mauno, S., Ruokolainen, M., Kinnunen, U., De Bloom, J. (2016). Emotional labour and work engagement among nurses: examining perceived compassion, leadership and work ethic as stress buffers.Journal of advanced nursing. McKeown, M., Carey, L. (2015). Editorial: Democratic leadership: a charming solution for nursing's legitimacy crisis.Journal of clinical nursing,24(3-4), 315-317. Twigg, D., McCullough, K. (2014). Nurse retention: a review of strategies to create and enhance positive practice environments in clinical settings.International Journal of Nursing Studies,51(1), 85-92. Yen, M., Trede, F., Patterson, C. (2016). Learning in the workplace: the role of Nurse Managers.Australian Health Review,40(3), 286-291. Yoon, J., Kim, M., Shin, J. (2016). Confidence in delegation and leadership of registered nurses in long?term?care hospitals.Journal of nursing management,24(5), 676-685.

Southern Campaign Up

Table of Contents Introduction Southern Campaigns before the Kings Mountain The Kings Mountain Encounter Consequences of the Battle at the Kings Mountain References Introduction The American Revolutionary War was greatly shaped by the Battle of the Kings Mountain, which was a critical war that took place between the patriot and loyalist mercenaries in the southern campaign. In 7 October 1780, the Patriot mercenaries overpowered the loyalists by capturing and murdering their leader by the name Patrick Ferguson. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Southern Campaign Up specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ferguson was a leader that was trusted by the British and had been given a responsibility to eliminate the opponents of British in the southern states. He had earlier warned the patriots against participating in war with the British since they could face severe consequences. The patriots did not heed to his c alls but instead they decided to fight back by attacking the forces of Ferguson. On his part, Ferguson received reports that the patriots were preparing to fight back. He retreated to safety but he was unlucky since the patriots were swift in their actions. Ferguson and his team were caught up at the Kings Mountain near South Carolina and were brutally slaughtered (Ward, 1952). Through analysis, it is established that the victory gave the patriots moral support to continue with their campaign against racial discrimination and political oppression. The Britons treated other races unfairly. This victory was therefore needed in case the patriots were to continue fighting. The loyalists had to come up with other strategies that would guarantee their survival. For instance, Lord Cornwallis was forced to readjust his schedule by abandoning the plans to attack North Carolina and focus on the South Carolina issue. This paper will therefore analyze the activities of the patriots before the major achievement at the Kings Mountain. The paper also discusses some of the consequences of the battle at the Kings Mountain. Southern Campaigns before the Kings Mountain Before the battle at the Kings Mountain, major changes had taken place within the patriot and loyalist circles. Each group was preparing to defend its interests. In the loyalist militia, Ferguson was nominated as the inspector of the militia group on 22 may 1980. Ferguson was charged with the responsibility of protecting Lord Cornwall in the state of Carolina. The leader marshaled his troops to attack the enemy at the North of Carolina. Before he could attack, Ferguson urged the patriots to surrender in order to avoid serious casualties. However, Ferguson was unaware that the patriots had prepared for the war amicably. On their side, the patriot mercenaries led by prominent leaders such as John Sevier and Shelby Isaac convened a meeting upon realization that Ferguson was preparing to invade their territory. The patriot leaders urged other leaders with the same ambitions as theirs to join them in suppressing the enemy. Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For that case, William Campbell was brought on board since his mission was to achieve the rights of the Americans. Apart from Campbell, other leaders were also requested to join the patriot militia in defending the patriot’s land. Such leaders included Benjamin Cleveland, Charles McDowell and Arthur. The five commanders led the patriot militia to demand for their rights (Dameron, 2003). Some traitors chose to inform Ferguson about the planned battle, who chose to retreat to Lord Cornwallis backyard. Even though Ferguson requested for reinforcement from Cornwallis forces, it was too late since the patriots were swift enough to catch up with him before the letter could reach its destination. Ferguson demanded that the local militias had to join him or face the sword. However, the local militias could not join him instead opted to be non-partisan. When the Patriot militia reached the former Ferguson’s camp at Georgia, the Georgian partisan fighters, who demanded for quick action to end Ferguson’s ambitions, joined it. On 6 October, the patriot militia managed to reach the Cowpens. As it could be observed, the place was an important historical site since a major battle took place there (Babits, 2011). The locals detested Ferguson’s activities since they volunteered information to the patriots that was Ferguson was heading towards Lord Cornwallis palace. Patriot militias also received important information that Ferguson was with 1500 soldiers camping at the Kings Mountain. The Kings Mountain Encounter At the Kings Mountain, the patriots engaged in a battle with the loyalists, which only lasted for short time. The patriots had an advantage since the terrain favored them. The place was rocky and mountainous, which made it hard for the loyalists to fight effectively. The real battle took place on 7 October 1780 just after noon. To fight effectively, each group of the patriot militia decided to attack the loyalist army separately. From what took place at the Kings Mountain, the loyalists were surprised by the attack. They had not prepared for it hence suffering heavy casualties. Ferguson had a good-trained army that could launch a bayonet against the enemy. This is proved by the death of one of the patriot’s commander that is, Colonel Williams and the wounding of another commander by the name McDowell. The patriots employed a cover and camouflage tactic that saw them bring down the strong force of the loyalists. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Southern Campaign Up specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After the killing of Ferguson, the patriots refused to accept the surrender of the loya list army since they were not willing to take up prisoners. In fact, they wanted to avenge for the Waxhaw massacre where the loyalist militia had killed the patriots even after conceding defeat. After sometime, the patriots accepted the pleas from the loyalist commanders. The war ended abruptly but Ferguson suffered a huge defeat, which cost his life (Wallace, 1964). Consequences of the Battle at the Kings Mountain The war at the Kings Mountain changed the politics of the US at the time. In other words, it was an important event as far as American Independent and freedoms are concerned. The victory boosted the confidence of the freedom fighters since they had earlier been humiliated by disastrous events such as the fall of Charleston, battle of Camden and the Waxhaw annihilation. Various leaders, including President Theodore Roosevelt, commented variously on the events at the Kings Mountain. According to Roosevelt, the battle at the Kings Mountain shaped the American Revolution. A nother President, Thomas Jefferson, observed that the victory at the Kings Mountain proved that Americans could succeed in what they pursue. The leaders hailed the activities of the patriots since they conquered the army that was more sophisticated (Allen, 2010). It can therefore be concluded that the victory at the Kings Mountain has always inspired Americans to pursue what they perceive as theirs. Many revolutions have been guided by the events of the Kings Mountain. The American congress appreciated the patriot fighters at the Kings Mountain in 1931 by constructing a museum referred to as the Kings Mountain National Military Park. References Allen, B. (2010). Tories: Fighting for the King in America’s First Civil War. New York: Harper Collins. Babits, L. (2011). A devil of a whipping, the battle of the Cowpens. Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Dameron, J. (2003). Kings Mountain: The Defeat of the Loyalists, October 7, 1780. Massachusetts: Da Capo Press. Wallace, W. (1964). Appeal to Arms: A Military History of the American Revolution. Chicago: Quadrangle. Ward, C. (1952). War of the Revolution. New York: MacMillan. This research paper on Southern Campaign Up was written and submitted by user Daniella Orr to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cell Phone History essays

Cell Phone History essays In the early 1920s the Detroit Police Department was the first government agency to use mobile radiotelephones in their patrol cars. At this time only one-way service was available, the pertinent information could be sent to the police vehicle but no response to the call was possible. Some five years later two-way service was introduced by a police department in New Jersey. This capability was then also made available for those private citizens that could afford it. The basic concept of cellular phones began in 1947, when researchers looked at crude mobile (car) phones and realized that by using small cells (range of service area) with frequency reuse they could increase the traffic capacity of mobile phones extensively. Unfortunately at the time, the technology did not exist. In 1947, AT It was not until 1968 when the FCC reconsidered its position, stating if the technology to build a better mobile service works, we will increase the frequencies allocation, freeing the airwaves for more mobile phones. Both ATcell a few miles in radius and collectively covering a larger area. Each tower would use only a few of the total frequencies allocated to the system. The idea was that as the phones traveled across the area, cal...

Bioavailability And Bioequivalence Studies

Bioavailability And Bioequivalence Studies Each year so many drugs loss their patent protection and opens the door for the generic alternatives. In this way Bioavailability and Bioequivalence studies becomes most important. Bioavailability is defined as â€Å"The rate and extent to which the active moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action.† Bioavailability can be generally documented by a systematic exposure profile obtained by measuring drug and/metabolite concentration in the systemic circulation over a particular time period. Scope of Bioavailability studies: Development of new formulations of the already existing drugs. Determination of effect of excipients, patient related factors and possible drug To ensure the of quality of a drug product during the early stages of marketing in order to determine the influence of manufacturing factors, storage and stability factors on drug absorption. The systemic exposure profile of drug or metabolite obtained by measuring concentratio n in the systemic circulation over a particular time period during clinical trials in the early stages of drug development can serve as a benchmark for subsequent bioequivalence studies. Bioequivalence is a relative term which shows the absence of a significant difference in the rate and extent to which the active ingredient becomes available at the site of drug action when two or more identical dosage forms administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions. Bioequivalence mainly focus release of drug substances from its dosage forms and subsequent absorption into the systemic circulation i.e. test dose plasma concentration-time will be identical with reference dose plasma concentration-time without showing any significant statistical differences ,then test dosage form will consider as therapeutically equivalent to the reference dosage form . Scope of Bioequivalence studies: To establish relativity between different formulations used during the development of a new produc t. The therapeutic equivalence of a generic product and the reference product can be demonstrated. Development of a modified release form of a product which has already approved as an immediate release formulation. Development of alternative salt form for pharmaceutically equivalent drugs. Bioequivalence studies are designed to establish equivalence between the test and reference products. If test and reference products are found to be bioequivalent,by this one can expect that the test product will also be therapeutically effective. Bioanalytical method validation includes all of the procedures that demonstrate that a particular method used for quantitative measurement of analytes in a given biological matrix, such as blood, plasma, serum or urine is reliable and reproducible for the intended use. Bioanalytical method validation parameters: Accuracy Precision Selectivity Sensitivity Reproducibility Stability Validation documentation is done, by using specific laboratory investigatio ns ,which ensures that the performance characteristics of the method is suitable for the intended analytical use. The analytical method is applicable only when the validation parameters are in acceptable range. Types of validation: A. Full Validation Developing and implementing a bioanalytical method for the first time. Full validation is required for a new drug entity. If metabolites are added to an existing assay for quantification full validation is required. B. Partial Validation:

Critically discuss the importance of operations strategy to operations Essay

Critically discuss the importance of operations strategy to operations management - Essay Example It is a plan, which makes an organization utilize all available resources in an effective way. â€Å"Operational strategy begins with defining your business in terms of the present opportunity in relation to the customer and product of the business† (Wasmund 2006). Managers need to develop operations strategy by focusing many important factors, which include corporate strategy, business strategy, operational experience, and emergence sense of what ideas should included in the strategy. An operations strategy holds extreme importance in the overall organizational functions because it drives the organization towards achievement of desired goals in an efficient manner. An operations strategy needs to be comprehensive, appropriate, consistent, coherent, and all-inclusive in nature in order to move the organization towards success. Operations management includes complete processes whereas operations strategies include the plans to assist managers in the management of those processe s. The management of operational activities, which accepts inputs in order to delivers usable outputs, is called operations management (Sankaranrayanan 2011). Operations management incorporates the use of both operational strategy and operational efficiency to manage the business activities. Operational strategy includes a proper set of plans developed to achieve competitive advantage in the market.

Marketing Plan of Grace Kennedy Company Limited Term Paper

Marketing Plan of Grace Kennedy Company Limited - Term Paper Example This essay describes the Grace Kennedy Company Limited, that has been around for the past eighty-two years. The company with its staff of well over two four hundred persons sells tangible goods locally as well as internationally. The aspects of the company’s business consist of various areas. Operations, manufacturing, research, financing, personnel, marketing, business analysis and counseling, planning, presentations and project management are some of the ways by which the company fits into a number of its different aspects of business. A combination of all of these factors will help to ensure the financial success of Grace Kennedy Limited, which is its primary objective. While conducting business in a competitive market, it is to the company’s best interest that they know the competition. This knowledge will help them to better strategize their efforts. Businesses that are without competition tends to get sloppy as well as take advantage of consumers. To continue incr easing profits Grace Kennedy Company Limited should be willing to charge reasonable prices for its products. In order to develop new products for consumers, ongoing research done regularly. Because of ongoing research done in its product line, consumer needs are better able met and thus there will be an increase in sales. To create customer value, corporations should focus on the needs of individual customers as well as market segments and target industries, not product-or commodity-based priorities of the internal organization.

Eudora Weltys The Golden Apples Essay -- Eudora Welty The Golden Appl

Other Subjectivity in Eudora Welty's The Golden Apples The language, meaning, and otherworldliness of Eudora Welty's The Golden Apples, like the golden apples in Yeats' Song of the Wandering Aengus, invite yet often defy grasping. Gratefully, Lowry Pei has offered an informed and lucid perception of this collection, enabling readers to gain that much more ground towards achieving a valuable understanding of the stories, individually and as a whole. Pei states initially that with The Golden Apples the reader, as an outside observer, must take on someone else's view of the world and "experience that other subjectivity, thinking thoughts he does not necessarily understand," in a reality that is not his own (415). This "other subjectivity" and the subjectivities that create an apparent reality for the self versus the objectivity of a natural reality--apart from yet encompassing and beckoning the self--constitute the major focus of the essay. Welty's narrative style emphasizes the reader's role in perceiving and determining the essence of reality through various devices. The comparisons that she offers "have an apparent arbitrariness that challenges the reader to supply an explanation" while simultaneously "lead[ing] the reader away from what is and toward a constantly growing array of alternate realities" (Pei 416). Additionally, through non- sequiturs, unanswered questions, and narrative gaps, Welty positions the audience behind a screen of sorts--from which a character's "subjective state [is] perceptible but nevertheless impenetrable, something we can see (for a moment) but cannot share" (Pei 417). This idea echoes what Pei proposes as a major theme of the collection: "how we achieve communication between the accustome... ... through dreams, role reversal, and nature, toward a complex and distinctly objective reality in which language truly communicates. Overall, Lowry Pei's insightful essay provides, without an excess of convoluted rhetoric, essential and thought provoking interpretations of Welty's multi-layered collection. His effective use of examples from the stories heightens the impact of his generally thoughtful conclusions and his high regard for Welty's talent is apparent. Pei has achieved in effect, however in a necessarily limited way, that communicative aspect of language that marks the goal of many of the characters in The Golden Apples. Works Cited Pei, Lowry. "Dreaming the Other in The Golden Apples." Modern Fiction Review28.3 (1982): 414-420. Welty, Eudora. The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty. New York: Harvest-Harcourt Brace, 1980.

Education Between Indigenous and Non- Indigenous Australians. Essay

Discuss if and how the area of education can contribute to achieve relationships between Indigenous and non- Indigenous Australians. Education is among the most important factors in achieving relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Through the incorporation of Indigenous Education in all schools, Australian children will have every opportunity to learn and understand Aboriginal issues and history, which will help eliminate naive and stereotypical perceptions of Aboriginal Australians in the future. For relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians to become a true reality a quality Aboriginal Education curriculum must be developed within Australian schools through the National Curriculum that is to be implemented in 2012. Such a curriculum must promote reconciliation, which would mean giving all students the opportunity to develope and sustain relationships between Indigenous and non Australians on a mutual and respectful basis (Reconciliation Australia, 2005-2011). Through quality education, relationships can one day be achieved, with both Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians working together cooperatively, to bridge the social and financial gaps that exist between the two. Education is paramount to this and will help to serve the best interest for all Australians. To be successful in building relationships, it is important for all to gain knowledge and understanding of the history of Indigenous Australians and their culture. Racism and misrepresentations are often bred by ignorance, yet with the right education, such attitudes can indeed be altered. For a quality curriculum to be successfully delivered in Australian schools, tertiary institutions must continue to focus on the education of future teachers in the field of Aboriginal Education. Mick Dodson stated that: ‘If like me, you believe education is the principle pathway to reconciliation, you need to act on that belief’ (Dodson, Reconciliation Australia, 2005-2011), meaning that education is the most important means of achieving relationships amongst Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. Therefore, it is crucial to include Aboriginal Education in all Australian schools, as it is such a significant part of Australia’s history as well as its present (Hunter & Schwab, Practical reconciliation and recent trends in Indigenous education, 2004). Many non-Indigenous people’s perceptions of Indigenous Australians are somewhat negative due to the fact that they have never truly been educated about Aboriginal history, issues and affairs. Such attitudes, which are generally bred from ignorance rather than experience, are able to be changed through education. If all children are educated about Aboriginal history and culture, they will grow up with positive perceptions of Indigenous Australians that they will be able to pass on to future generations. However, for relationships to become a reality there needs to be some substantial evidence of agreement in the area of education between Indigenous and non Indigenous Australians (Hunter & Schwab, 2004). This can be achieved through the National Curriculum, which is to be implemented throughout Australian schools in 2012, where Aboriginal perspectives will hopefully make up a significant part. The Australian Curriculum and Assessment Reporting Authority has acknowledged the importance of relationships and is currently writing Indigenous perspectives into the national curriculum ‘to make sure that all Australians have the chance to learn about, understand and respect the history and culture of Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders’ (Greenfield & Harrison, Relationship To Place). It is of critical importance that Indigenous Australians continue to be involved in the development of an Aboriginal Education curriculum. Since 1982, Indigenous Australians have been active in the development of the NSW Department of Education Aboriginal Education Policy. The rationale for creating this policy was originally for people to recognise the significance in including Aboriginal Education into the school curriculum (Reconciliation, 2006). The policy was created in the hope that Indigenous Australians could share accurate knowledge and understandings with non-Indigenous Australians about their culture and history in contrast to the largely ignorant misunderstandings that have long been perceived (Reconciliation, 2006). Another important goal of the policy was to eliminate stereotypical assumptions, which often resulted in racist attitudes and behaviour by those who have not been properly educated or do not have a sound understanding of Aboriginal culture. Similar to the NSW Aboriginal Education Policy is The Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, which stresses the importance for every Australian student to ‘appreciate and recognize the significance of Indigenous cultures and enhance the knowledge, skills and understanding to contribute to, and gain from, relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians’ (Greenfield & Harrison, Relationship To Place). Through persistence, continued development and the implementation into all Australian schools, a uniform Aboriginal Education curriculum that is developed with the assistance of Indigenous Australians can only work to assist in the achievement of relationships in this country. Those that already exist, such as the NSW Aboriginal Education Policy and the Melbourne Declaration on Educational Goals for Young Australians, can be used as a foundation for the further development of a successful, Australia-wide Aboriginal Education curriculum. In order for education to aid the process of relationships in Australia, a quality Aboriginal Education curriculum must be mandatory in all Australian schools. Such a curriculum would therefore need to be widely understood and embraced by both current and future educators. In order for this to become a reality, teacher training courses must enable all educators to understand that Australia has a significant Aboriginal history and Aboriginal view points on social, cultural and historical matters (Reconciliation, 2006). To be successful in achieving relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, it is important when teaching Indigenous studies to be able to understand and acknowledge reconciliation as a step into political restoration (Reconciliation, 2006). Delivering all Australian students an Aboriginal Education curriculum that incorporates this is an important way to gain a common understanding between Indigenous and non Indigenous people. A way to help achieve relationships is to include accurate and core information into Indigenous studies subjects, for student teachers involved in education courses (Reconciliation, 2006). A curriculum that incorporates these things would play a significant part in eliminating negative perceptions through properly educating non-Indigenous Australians about Indigenous Australians, their history and their current social and cultural view points. Through further educating our educators in Aboriginal history, culture and affairs, the message of reconciliation has the opportunity to become more widespread. Therefore, there is a need for educators to teach Aboriginal Education, including at a tertiary level because in the past, Australian schools and institutions have largely ignored Aboriginal studies (Teaching the Teachers Aboriginal Studies, 2005, p. 14). Over many years there have been government reports given to Australian teacher education institutions to include compulsory Indigenous Studies courses for teachers to assist in the cause for reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people and to concentrate on Aboriginal educational disadvantage (Craven, 1998, Is the Dawn breaking?). Indigenous studies are vitally important for pre-service teachers to be taught, and learn how to teach, in order for this country to one day achieve reconciliation (Reconciliation, 2006). It has only been recently that changes in Australian teacher education institutions have provided student teachers with the opportunity to carry out Indigenous studies during their education courses (Teaching the Teachers Aboriginal Studies, 2005, p. 15). Within the 36 Australian tertiary institutions, there are 54 teacher education programs. It has been estimated that 48 percent of these include mandatory units of Indigenous studies. This is a massive increase considering that in 1992, there was no more than one university in Australia that made the topic of Indigenous studies mandatory for pre service teachers (Craven, 1998). However, this figure needs to be 100 percent in order for all future educators to suitably pass on their knowledge of Indigenous culture and history to their future students and do their part to promote reconciliation. In order to achieve relationships between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, education must be a major focus. The delivery of a quality Aboriginal Education curriculum that has been developed with significant input from Indigenous Australians would provide Australian students with the opportunity to gain a true understanding of Aboriginal history and culture. This would aid the process of reconciliation substantially, as it would help to eliminate some of the preconceived misconceptions that some non-Indigenous Australians have towards Indigenous people and their culture. A quality curriculum for all Australian students would leave little room for ignorance and false judgements, as it would be providing them with truthful, accurate information, which would lay the foundation for reconciliation. Through educating our youth, relationships have a strong chance of becoming a reality because knowledge can be passed on through future generations. It is of great importance that both current and future educators become more and more exposed to teaching Aboriginal Education if relationships are to become a reality in Australia. References Author unknown, (2005-2011), Reconciliation Australia: Resources, http://www.reconciliation. org. au/home/resources, Viewed on 17/10/11 Mooney, J & Craven, R. G, (2006), Reconciliation: Why we need to teach Teacher’s to teach Aboriginal Studies to all Australian students, University of Western Sydney, , Viewed on 17/10/11 Craven, R. G, (2002),Is the Dawn Breaking? The First Empirical Investigations of the Impact of Mandatory Aboriginal Studies Teacher Education Courses on Teachers’ Self-concepts and Other Desirable Outcomes, University of Western Sydney, , Viewed on 17/10/2011 Dodson, M, (2005-2011), Reconciliation Australia: Mick Dodson speaks at the National Press Club, < http://www.reconciliation. org. au/home/latest/mick-dodson-speaks-at-the-national-press-club > Viewed on 19/10/11 Greenfield, M & Harrison, N, (date unknown), Relationship to place: Positioning aboriginal knowledge and perspectives in classroom pedagogies , Viewed on 18/10/11 Hunter, B. H. & Schwab, R. G. (2004), Practical reconciliation and recent trends in Indigenous education, The Australian National University , Viewed on 19/10/11 Author unknown, (2005), Teaching the Teachers Aboriginal Studies: Impact on Teaching, Australian Department of Education, Science and Training , p. 14 and 15, Viewed on 18/10/2011.

Addiction Notes Psya4 - 3683 Words

Psychology Module 1 Addiction, Research Methods Schizophrenia Addiction SMOKING 1) BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS This approach suggests that we become addicted to something because doing without the stimulus is very unpleasant. Tolerance is an important concept in biological explanations of addiction. The more we use a substance or carry out certain behaviours, the more tolerant we are to its effects, so addicts must continue the addictive behaviour more and more to maintain the subsequent positive feeling it creates. Withdrawal occurs when the addict stops engaging in the addictive behaviour, but a range of unpleasant physical symptoms arise, known as withdrawal symptoms. Neurotransmitters play a role in both chemical and non-chemical†¦show more content†¦To avoid the negative feelings associated with withdrawal, the addict continues to gamble. (+) Orford et al. (1996) found that gamblers and alcoholics both experience similar withdrawal symptoms and levels of perceived strength of addiction. (-) self-report methods (-) addicts are likely to lie (-) Potenza et al. (2003) found, from M RI scans, differences in blood flow to the brains of non-gamblers and gamblers when watching a gambling tape compared to a happy or sad film. (-) cause and effect RELAPSE Gamblers experience similar withdrawal symptoms to addicts with substance addictions, so a theory stands that gamblers relapse in order to stop the withdrawal symptoms. (-) Ciarrochi et al. (1987) found gamblers often have other addictions, such as alcoholism or shopping addictions. Cues associated with the behaviour, i.e. chips or dice, often cause a relapse of dopamine that the original gambling behaviour did. This causes prediction of a reward, which can cause a relapse. (-) Reductionism: biological approach reduces addiction, a complex phenomenon, to simple terms. 3) COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS SMOKING The cognitive model places emphasis on interpretation of events and habitual ways of thinking to explain the development of addictive behaviour. Beck (2001) developed the vicious circle to explain addiction from his cognitive triad: Coping by Using Low Mood Financial,